I often hear jam called jelly and jelly called jam. So here is how you can tell the difference quickly. Jelly is jelled juice...that's it! You take juice from fruit and add pectin so it is 'jelly'. The jam is the juice plus the pulp and sometimes the skin of the fruit with added pectin.
A butter is made by cooking fruit pulp and sugar to a THICK consistency without pectin. Spices are normally added to enhance the flavor.
Conserves are similar to jams but must have more than one fruit in the mix. And technically, they should contain a nut or raisin.
Marmalades are soft, transparent jellies with peel evenly distributed throughout. This is almost always a citrus fruit that will be made into a marmalade.
Preserves have whole fruit or large pieces of fruit in it. The fruit should be clear, shiny, tender and plump. Around our neck of the woods, pears are often preserved. A syrup is added around the fruit to enhance flavor. And my grandma always added a touch of red food coloring to her pears so she would have pretty pink pears. They were the BEST!
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